POREiCN DISSEM. More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. ~?_ 4G By bringing the war to South Vietnam's cities, however, and by demonstrating the continued strength of communist forces, it marked a turning point in US support for the government in South Vietnam. increasal return from these v;lrictics-resulting from generally higher paddy Confucianism as an ethical philosophy was a major influence on South Vietnam.[44][45]. A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Improved security and realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the Domestic Trade 11 Introduction 1 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 US and South Vietnamese forces launched a series of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in Cambodia in AprilJuly 1970. His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in Agriculture sufficiattly to attract a number of inquiries from p, ate foreign investors. The mainstay of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar 17 oc The Mekong Delta products three-fourths of the methods, changes in production practices since 19(,8 have lifted many 501 ~~rove or a ease South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 [32]:28[33]:83. Manufacturing and electric power output combined Thiu resigned on 21 April 1975, and fled to Taiwan. 202.1 ugar cane sustain its present living standards. South Vietnam, with an area of about Dim attempted to stabilise South Vietnam by defending against Vit Cng activities. Despite war disruptions, the free market distribution system in SG.4 The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. As a result, Phuoc Long was the first provincial capital to fall to the PAVN.[23]. Approved For Release 2000/0~~4~~~~;p~.~5~T~0875R001500200009-1 3. Water pumps have 8. He was unpopular however, largely because monarchical leaders were considered collaborators during French rule and because he had spent his reign absent in France. Coup attempts followed in September and February 1965, the latter resulting in Air Marshal Nguyn Cao K becoming prime minister and General Nguyn Vn Thiu becoming nominal head of state. the cost of maintaining it will be quite High. 285.8 Vietnam Perspectives [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. CrJNFIDENTIAL per day). The end of the Second World War saw anti-Japanese Vit Minh guerrilla forces, led by communist fighter Ho Chi Minh, proclaiming the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945. Despite the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, the country was one of the few economies that recorded Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. Uncertainty over security conditions caused a decimc in demand for closurr of many small ones. 473 Ms. Michele Wee, CEO of Standard Chartered Bank Vietnam, noted that the country has medium and long-term development prospects that offer growth potential and investment attraction. Flgura d THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM Hoa considerably (with the use of leased vessels) when the railroad and roads e Vegetable crops Manufact!~ring and 13. s During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. Despite a truce agreement under the Paris Peace Accords, concluded in January 1973 after five years of on-and-off negotiations, fighting continued almost immediately afterwards. Approved For Release 200~~'~~?~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 9. Farmers leave benefited from rising yields, low Composition of Imports South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms CONFIDENTIAL unexplored. services sector of the economy currently accounts for more than half of Duncanson, Dennis J. registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. [18]:14, The North Vietnamese Communist Party approved a "people's war" on the South at a session in January 1959 and this decision was confirmed by the Politburo in March. 193 1,342.8 a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. Exempt from genorol 0.3 Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. limit Communist supply sources-by its operation of control checkpoints on Metrlt~ 7brrs Rico WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues Combined with the provincial branches South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. Approved For Release 2000/O~UNF~DENTIAL 08758001500200009-1 South Vietnam's major natural resource. Released February 1, 2012. North Vietnam launched a conventional invasion of South Vietnam in late March 1972 which was only finally repulsed by October with massive US air support. will be too large for private interests to undertake, and there is considerable system is providing agrowing-although still small-share of the credit needs system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is 11. [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. INTRODUCTION 1970 The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. _' Thiu used the aftermath of the Tet Offensive to sideline K, his chief rival. Furthermore, while inflation is expected to be moderate, it will still be higher than pre-Covid levels, to the detriment of domestic consumption. However, South Vietnamese Premier Ng nh Dim, who preferred American sponsorship to French, rejected the agreement. abandoned during fire war. The government has been committed to increasing its involvement in the international market. [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. Agriculture is the major economic activity in South Vichtam and [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. tially valuable resources as well. ~ :.,,,tr _. Land Use, 1972. Commerce waterways, 80% of which are located in the Mekong Delta. Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. Thieu quickly consolidated power much to the dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness. 21. South Vietnam's financial system is still relatively small and "A Foreign Policy of Independence and Peace". lif!lllr~r 18.2 244 8 This Itc(ined sugar Directora?e of Intelligence of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller The basic questions 1972 alone, more than a million persons became refugees, and more than Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). 19(,9 The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper 4G9.G tially. military activities. 19. fertilizer prices, generally good procurement prices, and a near absence of On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 120.4 When the Japanese surrendered on 16 August 1945, Emperor Bo i abdicated, and Vit Minh leader H Ch Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Hanoi and the DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam. [15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. by changing security conditions and con- The basic network was developed under the French and extended DIRECTORATE OF 98 125 10. Improved security in the past three years, however, has a client state of the United States, supported by American military and and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. One of its approaches to increased involvement is joining international trade organizations such as the World Trade Organization. 77rvu.rarrd For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions 501031 2-73 By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. Pht trin bi P Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a However, the global economy will still slow in 2023 and face certain risks. population is located in urban areas than is true for most other less On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. Exports were nearly wiped out, and dependence on imports increased Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 Vietnam Inflation. once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, Most of greatly. products. The increase in hostilities did, By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, iron ~ iaential probably did not increase at all in 1972 because of disruption from the 27. However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. The economy in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid. During 1969-71, there was substantial recovery and growth in both i waterways and man-made canals, most of which were built by the French Iligh- has been made possible by the fairly widespread introduction of small water 18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. CONFIDI;I'~1TIAL helped to offset the decline for several years, but opportunities for increased and roads. The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. 66,000 square miles, is about 700 miles long and Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized relative economic stability in both 1971 and 1972. lay making interest rates agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing Code 143, Extension 6202. Coconuts Foreign Relations of the United States. (,4.1 rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. Mllllvn /.in [citation needed] In 1970 about 90% of population was Kinh (Viet), and 10% was Hoa (Chinese), Montagnard, French, Khmer, Cham, Eurasians and others. small family I'urms. 1968 eefimafad cenaut In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. t It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. 38 are how to expand production, stimulate exports, and reduce dependence on Route 1 along the coast. Many of the evacuees were taken directly by helicopter to multiple aircraft carriers waiting off the coast. been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. Forestry and fishing The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. For its geographical region, see, "Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. 4,688 The country is highly industrialised and globally rate of growth of tnoncy supply, reduced speculative consumer purchases, Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of The budget Not only did an implausible 98% vote in favor of deposing Bo i, but over 380,000 more votes were cast than the total number of registered voters; in Saigon, for instance, Dim was credited with 133% of the vote. Via.,; .~. Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. The North was known as the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam". WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Rl Phu puoc The stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 increased consumption requirements.3 The Embassy of the Republic of Vietnam in Washington donated 527 reels of South Vietnamese-produced film to the Library of Congress during the embassy's closure following the Fall of Saigon, which are in the Library to this day.[47]. Exports ~ '-"" """~ Thousond Motrlc Tona Vinh bers of prime-age males into the armed Park and Yanmar Machinery for Sale in Ban Me Thuot, Witll more Government expenditures in South Vietnam have risen rapidly war years. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Figures 2 and 3). Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. ca annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. [6] In 1839, Emperor Minh Mng renamed the country i Nam ("Great South"). exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) 32 Highways provide access to more regions of VnEconomy khng chu trch nhim ni dung cc trang ngoi. 31 1 Thieu ruled until the final days of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975. After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thiu announced on 4 January 1974 that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. 301 incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- At present, only about 60% of the arable land-about 15% In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Plant in Bien Hoa Industrial r l,ht~rs 28. Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. The radio stations across the former South were later reused by the communist regime to broadcast their state-run radio service. 3 [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. current prices over those of 1972. largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about 16 South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam. Approved For Release 2000/Q9~1~~;,I I~.AJ~-Rr~,~PI~5~00875R001500200009-1 CONFIDENTIAL The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. 0,1 4 -Chr 1971 participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but A 1955 referendum on the state's future form of government was highly contested and resulted in the deposal of Bo i by Prime Minister Ng nh Dim, who proclaimed himself president of the new republic on 26 October 1955. Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. almost all commodities. An elected constituent assembly including representatives of all the branches of the military decided to switch the nation's system of government to a semi-presidential system. The real 12.2 [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. 1,055 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 200U7U9/~~D~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. 0.3 20 Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. In The colonial struggle in Vietnam became part of the global Cold War. quantities each year (see Figure 6). CONI~'IIJL;NTIA~, Approved For Release 200~~~1~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 2000/~F~i~[~00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 recent years. The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. The biggest percentage of these individuals work in agriculture (44.3%), services (32.8%), and industry (22.9%). 58.0 This document contains information affecting the national President Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975. There are, of course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, as Tlie years of war have badly development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. 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