An error occurred trying to load this video. The Vietnam War was a long, deadly . The first American soldier died in the Vietnam War was Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr., a U.S. Air Force Technical Sergeant. 2.7 million American troops were sent to South Vietnam. Updates? Around 3.8 million casualties were suffered in total between both sides, with nearly half being civilian deaths. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. Vietnam War Casualties record set contains 58,192 additional names of service people who lost their lives while serving overseas. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . Pentagon statistics listed 39,000 and 61,000 PRG/DRV dead for the same time period.". All three men died in spring of 2020 of COVID-19 after . [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. It is suspected that over 1.2 million of these deaths were murders. The following year, in 1976, Vietnam was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. How to Order a Draft Record. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union and China poured weapons, supplies, and advisers into the North, which in turn provided support, political direction, and regular combat troops for the campaign in the South. During the height of the conflict, Navy personnel scouted the rivers and canals of the sprawling Mekong Delta for communist guerrilla forces, arms, and ammunition. He was not killed in action but murdered by another U.S. airman and later died of his wounds on 8 June, 1956. . The number of casualties is simply the number of members of a unit who are not available for duty. [42] This might partially explain the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, along with exaggeration, although the NVA and VC also went to great lengths to recover weapons from the battlefield. Sometimes, the casualty rate is disproportionately high. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of black casualties, and by late 1967, black casualties had fallen to 13%, and were below 10% in 1970 to 1972. By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success and this resulted in exaggeration and listing civilian deaths as enemy KIA. Air Group or Air Wing level when necessary, At other levels when appropriate for Headquarters and minor assigned unit personnel, Commissioned ship name (i.e., "USS WHATEVER"), Task Force level (TF 115, TF 116, TF 117) for personnel assigned to the riverine and coastal forces, Naval Support Activity level for the shore establishment, Fleet Marine Force unit for Navy personnel assigned to FMF units, SEAL/UDT and SeaBee personnel are indexed under the next higher command. [4] North Vietnam and the United States reached a peace agreement shortly after withdrawal. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." Ronald H. Spector is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. The Vietnam War was fought in Vietnamese territory between mainly South Vietnam/the United States and the Viet Cong of North Vietnam. United States, National Archives, Korean War and Vietnam War Records; United States Vietnam War 1964 to 1972; Related Websites: NARA Series Description; NARA Reference Information Paper 90 Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era; NARA State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists for the Vietnam War The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. [53][54] A separate study was carried out by RAND Corporation employee Terry Rambo, who conducted interviews in 1970 on reported Korean atrocities in ARVN/civilian areas. The steady aeromedical evacuation and in-theater care performed by the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) in Southeast, The official News page of the Air Force Medical Service, providing the latest articles about Air Force Medicine and the Air Force. Battle of Hamburger Hill. (L Company Ranger 75th Infantry Archives) At only 17 years old, B.C.'s . In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. All rights reserved. Both were present at the Battle of Ia Drang, the first large-scale engagement of the Vietnam War. The United States withdrew its forces in 1973, placing the onus on South Vietnam to fight its own battle. He received his B.A. Sources: World War II Honor List of Dead and Missing, June 1946; Battle Casualties of the Army, 30 September 1954; List of Casualties Incurred by U.S. Military Personnel in Connection with the Conflict in Vietnam, 30 September 1975. 70. . That can include disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing. Harper Perennial; September 1991. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. [2], Guenter Lewy in 1978 estimated 1,353,000 total deaths in North and South Vietnam during the period 19651974 in which the U.S. was most engaged in the war. Veterans were viewed negatively for their participation in the war, even if it was not by their choice to do so. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died in the war. [3], A 1995 demographic study in Population and Development Review calculated 791,0001,141,000 war-related Vietnamese deaths, both soldiers and civilians, for all of Vietnam from 196575. He succeeded in 1954 and established a Communist government. For more information see Vietnam War casualties and Aircraft losses of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos . [89], The total number of casualties, both KIA and non-hostile deaths, for drafted and volunteer service personnel (figures are approximated):[90], During the Vietnam War, 30% of wounded service members died of their wounds. 7. [79], The total number of American personnel who were KIA or died non-hostile deaths, were enlisted personnel with a casualty number of 50,441. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. NVA/VC Casualties Reported by III MAF Units: 756 : H: Marine Aircraft . [46], The ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Bnh An/Ty Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. Both American/South Vietnamese forces and the Viet Cong can be held accountable for the number of civilian deaths, but the Viet Cong had a larger hand in overtaking villages and using more offensive military tactics to draw out the South Vietnamese forces. NAVY * The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post . Many were never directly involved in the fighting, but rather were only caught in the crosshairs of South Vietnamese and North Vietnamese forces. 7,484 women served in Vietnam, of whom 6,250 or 83.5% were nurses. Contents1 What was the ratio [] [75], The PAVN/VC forces suffered around 600,000 wounded during the war,[76] and prior to the 1975 spring offensive, lost at least 26,880 soldiers taken prisoner - being released after the 1973 Peace Accords. Support for the war was lacking in the United States, so the decision was made to discontinue efforts there. The two countries finally resumed formal diplomatic relations in 1995. To be listed on the Memorial one simply need to have been: 1) A native Hoosier; and, 2) Killed in Action or Missing in Action between 1 January . Reference Information Paper 103", "From the Archives: President Nixon welcomes Marines home from Vietnam", "MILITARY: Marine unit that suffered most casualties coming home", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_units_with_the_highest_percentage_of_casualties_per_conflict&oldid=1125722100, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 13:58. These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead. Trade between the two nations ultimately resumed in the 1990s. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . in Social Studies Education. There was strong pressure to produce body counts as a measure of operational success and enemy body counts were directly tied to promotions and commendation. In the late 1990s, others joined Richard's effort, contributing information and collating the collected material into digital form using the Holloway database as a baseline. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. has the names listed in chronological order by date of loss. [60] Prior to the 1975 spring offensive, at least 5,336 ARVN were captured, being released in the aftermath of the Paris Peace Accords. Morning muster on July 2 for the eight companies (A,B,D,E,G,H,I & K) involved in the suicidal attack was 262, and evening muster on the same day was 47. 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. Civilian deaths were partly caused by assassinations, massacres, and terror tactics. Although demographers have developed a reper- [92], African Americans suffered disproportionately high casualty rates in Vietnam. Though North Vietnam lost, it won a major psychological victory. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The Coffelt Database available on this website is updated almost every night at 3 AM. Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. Refighting the Vietnam War. During the final years of World War II, political leader Ho Chi Minh organized a group, the Viet Cong, to fight the powers in occupancy of the territory and take control. [11], Author Mark Woodruff noted that when the Vietnamese Government finally revealed its estimated losses (in April 1995) as being 1.1 million dead or missing, U.S body count figures had actually underestimated enemy losses. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Many movements on the home front arose in the early 1970s to end the war, which sped the process of withdrawing troops along. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they . Deaths in Cambodia and Laos were estimated at 273,000 and 62,000 respectively. Cobra helicopters totaled 1,110,716 flight hours in Vietnam. The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. The Geneva conference established a treaty that split the nation of Vietnam in half for the time being, with reunification elections set to be held in 1956. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. Around 2 million civilians were killed in the territories of North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. The vietnam war Pictures That Moved Them Most . Being killed in action was the leading cause of American casualties. Lebanon (1982-1984) 240. It was first used in 1962 and was effective at its job. Australian special operations units would go out into the jungles of Vietnam for weeks at a time, often without saying a word to one another in order to maintain complete silence as they stalked the Northern troops through the jungles. It is still a concern in Southeast Asia today. He recalled the attack and said, "We go in, and the helicopter started . This Vietnam War Covert Special Ops Unit Is The Deadliest You Never Heard Of. More than 8.7 million Americans served on active duty during the Vietnam period (Nov 1, 1955 to May 15, 1975). Aid sent from other nations to the South Vietnamese effort waged about 5,000 total deaths. Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. In 1995 Vietnam . Regarding killed in action the 1st Marine Division was the unit with the highest . In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 19671972. Numbers certainly do not tell the whole story - or all of them - but they certainly paint a picture of lives lost and families devastated. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. By the height of the Vietnam War in the late 1960's, the U.S. Air Force had 1,900 medics conducting medical operations in Southeast Asia. Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. 8. Vietnam Syndrome Overview & Analysis | What is Vietnam Syndrome? As of 2014, 221 Virginian deaths have been identified. 28 August 2013. COAST GUARD *, Copyright 1997-2018 www.VirtualWall.org, Ltd (TM), Division level indexes are used for Division HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Brigade level indexes are used for Brigade HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Group level indexes are used for Group HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Battalion level indexes are used for Bn HQ, minor assigned units, and Aviation Companies which stayed with a single Battalion throughout their time in Vietnam, Separate Battalion indexes are used for Battalions not assigned to a Regiment, Aviation Companies that served with two or more Aviation Battalions while in Vietnam are indexed separately. From a Marine second lieutenant in New Jersey who commanded a rifle platoon in Vietnam. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 196574 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. Many deaths, however, were not completely targeted as they were the result of chance, being in the wrong place at the wrong time. [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). * During January 1973, 29 Americans died in Vietnam--19 as a result of hostile action. The American death toll in the Vietnam War is currently known to be 58,220. 1. Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate. Last combat unit departs Vietnam ending the ground war August 11, 1972. . AIR FORCE * [5], Uppsala University in Sweden maintains the Armed Conflict Database. He took over the city of Hanoi and declared independence from France in 1954. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. Apart from these few restrictions, the Coffelt Database is open to the public - just as Richard Coffelt intended. In 1968 US soldiers murdered several hundred Vietnamese civilians in the single . The Vietnam War was a long, deadly struggle that took place from 1954 to 1975 between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. [14], German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[43]. [19] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. History is not a fixed set of facts. Copies of WWII though Vietnam era (men born April 28, 1877 to March 28, 1957) Selective Service Records may be obtained from the National Personnel Records Center, in St. Louis, for a fee. Many of the refugees failed to survive the passage, facing danger from pirates, over-crowded boats, and storms. Vietnam War. There are some limitations on the search capabilities and downloading records en masse is not allowed. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. Those who argue that the United States won the war point to the fact that the U.S. defeated communist forces during most of Vietnams major battles. The United States committed some 550,000 troops to the Vietnam front at the height of the conflict, suffered more than 58,000 casualties, and engaged in battle after battle with communist forces in the region until its withdrawal in 1973. A. The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. WIA. Of the 4953 Navy and Air Force casualties, both officer and enlisted, 4, 736 or 96% were white. [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. In 1993-94, after PCs had become commonplace, Tom Holloway (Emory University, Atlanta) changed the landscape by obtaining the Department of Defense's casualty database and the Army Adjutant General's database in digital form. This led to increased racial tension in the military. From 1965 to 1975, nearly 500,000 Marines served in Southeast Asia. This group was made up almost entirely of either working-class or rural youth. The "Holloway Database" effectively became the public's sole source of information regarding all our Vietnam dead. Regarding killed in action the 2nd Infantry Division was the unit with the highest ratio with 7,094 KIA and 16,575 wounded. Kennedys expansion stemmed in part from Cold War-era fears about the domino theory: if communism took hold in Vietnam, it would topple democracies throughout the whole of Southeast Asia, it was thought. Casualties - US vs NVA/VC. [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. Though the Vietnamese army incurred more casualties, it was a . LIFE magazine, June 27, 1969, featuring a portrait of U.S. Army specialist William C. Gearing, Jr., one of 242 American servicemen killed in a single week of fighting during the Vietnam War. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. The total number of officer casualties, commissioned and warrant, are 7,877. [45] One example cited by Turse is Operation Speedy Express, an operation by the 9th Infantry Division, which was described by John Paul Vann as, in effect, "many My Lais". Devon has tutored for almost two years. In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. The U.S. National Archives shows that 58,220 U.S. soldiers perished. Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . An addition 3 million Vietnamese were left wounded and around 12 million were refugees. but not without Marine and U.S. Air Force casualties. The battle was later dramatized in the film We Were Soldiers. The U.S. technically did not lose the Vietnam War, as they withdrew in 1973 to allow South Vietnam to fight their own battles. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. However, from a constitutional perspective, this conflict did not technically count as a war. Deaths caused by the South Korean military, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military casualties, Disproportion of African American casualties. This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. I had just returned from Iraq and was working with Vietnam veterans who'd served in . Week of November 22. This was the turning point and the start of South Vietnam's defeat. This was part of the Cold War effort to prevent the spread of Communism across the globe. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam on a smaller scale, South Korea suffered more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. Korean War Casualties Vietnam Casualties Advanced search Export results Vietnam Casualties. The question of who won the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate, and the answer depends on the definition of victory. A casualty is just a soldier who is no longer available for the immediate battle or campaign, the major consideration in combat. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) Others are still yet to be discovered and over 1,200 Americans are still unaccounted for. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. 151. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' American civilians were not killed in the Vietnam War. In late 2006, the project scope was extended further by including circumstances of death information in the Coffelt Database - the "how and where" of their deaths. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). Fighting continued on a lesser scale for some time afterwards and refugee numbers rose sharply due to the continued conflict, but the development of a strong trading market in the 80s helped the nation become more unified. Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968." In October 1966, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara initiated Project 100,000 which further lowered military standards for 100,000 additional draftees per year. Of these, more than 13,000 were killed and 88,000 wounded, nearly a . The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. The war was fought on Vietnamese land, in addition to the territories of Cambodia and Laos. Following the end of French colonial rule in 1954 and break-up of the former French Indochina, the United States assumed the political mentorship and primary . [1][note 1] The word casualty has been used in a military context since at least 1513. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. KIA. Although North Vietnamese and Viet Cong casualty counts vary wildly, it is generally understood that they suffered several times the number of American casualties. Calculating U.S. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. | 9 ", 1915 to 1917 infantry regiments grew from 959 to 3,720 men and 112 officers. No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (195475). During warfare, some units take more casualties than other units. Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War . ARMY * The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post-war). 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